Alright, this took a while! Sorry! Let’s start with functional differences of the fighters:
A TIE/LN fighter is faster in atmosphere (max speed 1,200 km/h) and has a higher maximum acceleration in space (4,100 G). It is also more maneuverable than an X-wing (rating of about 100 DPF). It has no hyperdrive, shielding, or life support systems, so the pilot must wear a pressurized flight suit. It comes equipped with two laser cannons but no projectile weapons, though missile tubes can be added. It’s a one-person craft, includes a distress beacon and an ejector seat (though many pilots choose not to use them), and usually carries one or two days’ worth of consumables as well as 65-110 kg of cargo.
An X-wing (T-65; other models are different) can do a max speed of 1,050 km/h in atmosphere (faster with deflector shields on) and a max acceleration of 3,700 G in space, and has a maneuverability rating of 75 DPF, making it slower and less maneuverable than a TIE. It has a Class 1.0 hyperdrive (on the faster side), deflector shields, and life support, with space for one pilot, one astromech, 110 kg of cargo, and one week of consumables. It’s armed with four laser cannons, which can be programmed to fire in a variety of patterns, and two proton torpedo launchers equipped with three torpedoes each.
In terms of the experience, a TIE can be described as touchy and sensitive to fly, due to its speed and agility. Pilots go through a lot of intense training to learn how to fly them well, with only 10% of trainees graduating from the flight academies. When flying, the pilot uses their feet to operate the control yokes and their hands to operate the control rods. Flying a TIE can be very claustrophobic, because the pilot must be strapped tightly into their shock couch, and because they must listen to the sound of their breathing tubes for hours at a time.
The most noted characteristic of flying an X-wing is that the etheric rudders on its engines give it maneuverability such that it feels like flying in atmosphere. Since the fighter was equipped with life support, the pilot only has to wear the simple orange flight suit we see in the movies, and they have a lot more freedom of motion in the cockpit. Unlike a TIE, the X-wing can fly out on its own and does not rely on a carrier ship to take it to and from battles. The pilot’s preference in regards to the inertial compensator also does a lot to affect the flying experience. Set high (98-100%), they will feel little as a result of their combat maneuvers. Most experienced pilots will dial it down to 95-97% in order to get a sense of how they are moving through space and how the ship is performing. Due to the extreme speeds these craft can travel at, doing harsh maneuvers at even this high a setting seems to be roughly comparable to flying a fighter jet.
I hope that helps!
~ Jacen